The ImpOsTer LAB

The IoT ImpOsTer Lab is a large-scale experimental facility operated by the Internet Analytics Group to study the security, privacy, and trustworthiness of interconnected digital ecosystems. It focuses on the often invisible interactions between mobile apps, IoT devices, and online services that shape today’s data-driven infrastructures.

Equipped with hundreds of state-of-the-art IoT devices and instrumented smartphones, the lab enables controlled, reproducible experimentation on complex hardware–software systems. We investigate how these systems can be misused for large-scale data collection, cross-platform tracking, covert communication channels, and systemic privacy abuse.

By combining program analysis, network measurement, system instrumentation, advanced honeypots, and empirical security research, we uncover architectural weaknesses and structural design flaws that enable exploitation at scale. Beyond exposing vulnerabilities, we develop principled and scalable methodologies to detect, measure, and mitigate these risks, particularly those that occur as a result of coordinated actions across devices that current security and privacy controls cannot limit.

Our mission is to build the scientific foundations for transparent, accountable, and privacy-resilient IoT and mobile ecosystems that serve millions of users worldwide.

Device Inventory

Category Device Model
Smarphones 2*Google Pixel 3a 4/64GB Biały
2* Google Pixel 3a
8* Google Pixel 3a 64GB White
Google Pixel 4a (128 GB, negro, libre)
4* Google Pixel 6a 128 GB
6* Google Pixel 6a 5G 6/128GB Biały
4*Google Pixel 8a 5G 8GB/128GB Obsidiana
10* Google Pixel 9a 5G 8GB/128GB Obsidiana
iPhone X space gray 64gb-ypt
iPhone x
iPhone 13
iPhone 16
Vivo Y17s, Smartphone 4 GB RAM
Xiaomi Redmi 13 8GB RAM 256GB
Samsung Galaxy A55 5G 256GB
VR/XR Meta Quest Pro
RayBan Smart Glasses (RayBan Meta Skyler)
PICO 4 – 256 GB VR headset
PSVR (PlayStation VR2)
HTC VIVE Flow augmented reality headset
e-Health/Sports WITHINGS Body Cardio (Wi-Fi smart scale with body composition analysis, heart health monitoring, vascular age measurement, BMI, body fat, muscle mass, bone mass, and water percentage).
WITHINGS Body Scan (Wi-Fi connected smart scale for advanced health monitoring, impedance-based scale, body composition analysis including body fat, muscle mass, water mass, and electrocardiogram).
WITHINGS BPM Connect (digital upper arm blood pressure monitor with Bluetooth and Wi-Fi synchronization, device for measuring blood pressure).
WITHINGS Body+ Smart Scale with Wi-Fi Connectivity
Hydrow Wave Rower (NT RW900 + IFIT)
Garmin edge 1040 GPS
Oura Gen3 Heritage Black US10 Set
Ava Fertility Tracker (Femometer Smart Ring Gen2, Size 6)
Smartwatches WITHINGS Health Watch (ScanWatch 2, Smart Health Watch for Men and Women: ECG, SpO2, Temperature Monitoring, Sleep Tracking, Respiratory and Cycle Health, 30-Day Battery Life, iOS and Android Compatible)
Fitbit Charge 6 (Obsidian / Black Aluminum)
GARMIN Fenix 7S Grey/Silver
Garmin Venu 2 – Smartwatch with GPS, Music, and Sports Features, Black, 45 mm
Google Pixel Smartwatch (Google Pixel 7a 128GB 8GB RAM – Refurbished or Second-Hand)
Google Pixel Watch 2 – Polished Silver Aluminum Case – Porcelain Sport Band – Wi-Fi
Apple Watch Series 10 GPS 42mm Black Aluminum
Oppo Watch (Smartwatch – OPPO Watch X2)
Ticwatch Pro 3 (Ticwatch Pro 5 Enduro Black Smartwatch for Men)
Garmin Fenix 7
Samsung Smart Watch (Wear OS) (Samsung Galaxy Watch7 L300 40mm Smartwatch)
Smart Home Blink Wireless CCTV (New Blink Mini 2 | HD Smart Security Camera with Plug, Colour Night Vision, Built-in Spotlight, Two-Way Audio, Motion Detection, Alexa Compatible (Black), 1 Blink Outdoor | HD Wireless Weather-Resistant Security Camera with 2-Year Battery Life, Motion Detection, Alexa Compatible | 4 Cameras)
Blink Outdoor | HD Wireless Weather-Resistant Security Camera with 2-Year Battery Life, Motion Detection, Alexa Compatible | 4 Cameras)
Nintendo Switch (OLED Model) – White
Fire TV Stick Lite with Alexa Voice Remote
TP-Link Smart Button (TP-Link Tapo S220 – Smart Light Switch, Remote Control, Voice Control via Alexa or Google Assistant, 2-Button 1-Way, Super Easy Wiring, Hub Required)
Nest Cam (Indoor or Outdoor, Battery-Powered)
Nest Doorbell (Battery-Powered)
Nest Protect (Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Alarm by Google Nest Protect)
Blink Video Camera + Sync Module (Ring Smart Doorbell)
Xiaomi Smart Doorbell 3 (Wireless Wi-Fi Video Doorbell Xiaomi Smart Doorbell)
Aeotec Multisensor (Aeotec ZWA024 Multisensor 7 Aeotec Z-Wave Plus )
August Smart Door Bundle (Lock Pro Smart Lock + Keypad Touch Smart Lock + Wall-Mounted IR Controller SwitchBot)
Nuki Smart Lock (Nuki Smart Lock Go Bluetooth Wi-Fi Smart Lock, No Cylinder Change Needed, Alexa and HomeKit Compatible)
Tuya Temperature Sensor (Avatto WT100-WH-3A Wi-Fi White – Smart Thermostat)
IKEA Smart hub Gateway (DIRIGERA Hub for smart products, white smart)
IKEA Smart Bulbs (TRÅDFRI starter kit, smart wireless dimmable/white spectrum )
TP-Link Smart Bulbs (TP-Link TAPO L630 GU10 LED Smart Bulb 3.7W Multicolor RGB)
Govee LED Strip Light (Govee Strip Light 2 Pro [Energy Class G] Smart)
Matter Lightstrip Starter Kit (Nanoleaf Essentials – 2-Meter Lightstrip Expansion Pack)
SwitchBot Curtain 3 Matter Combo (Wall-Mounted IR Controller SwitchBot Hub Mini, Wi-Fi, Alexa and Google Assistant Compatible, White ABS)
WeMo Smart Plug (WEMO WiFi Smart Plug Europe)
WeMo Smart Outlet Plug (Wemo Wi-Fi Smart Plug for Europe)
Meross Smart Power Strip (3 Wi-Fi Smart Strip with 4 Outlets and 4 USB Ports, Meross Plug)
2* WP Rack WPN-PDU-C01-08 19″ Rack Power Strip with 8 Universal Outlets (Italian 10/16A and Schuko), 2m Cable with C14 VDE Plug, UPS Connection, 250V/3500W
2*Power Strip with 4 Outlets and 2 USB Ports, White, 3.0 m
Dell 6-in-1 USB-C Multiport Adapter: DA305
Sony WH-CH720N Bluetooth Headphones
Aigostar 4-Outlet Power Strip with 1.5m Cable and USB + Type-C Switch
Smart ikettle (Kettle – Smart Kettle with Wi-Fi & Voice Activated)
Mi Induction Heating Rice Cooker (Xiaomi Smart Multifunctional 1L 710W Rice Cooker, White)
Mi Air Purifier (Xiaomi Smart Air Purifier 4)
Mi pet food feeder (Xiaomi Smart Pet Food Feeder)
Mi Pet Food Fountain (Xiaomi Smart Pet Fountain 2 – 3L Cat Fountain)
Oral-B Pro 3 Smart Toothbrush (Oral-B PRO 3 Electric Toothbrush with Rechargeable Handle and Sensor)
Xioami smart toothbrush (Xiaomi Smart Electric Toothbrush T501 Grey)
Philips Sonicare FlexCare Platinum Toothbrush (PHILIPS DUO PACK PHILIPS SONICARE DIAM Toothbrushes)
Amazon Echo Show 8 (3rd Generation) – Anthracite Gray
Amazon Echo Show 5 (3rd Generation) – Smart Touchscreen with Alexa
Amazon Echo Pop Smart Speaker (Amazon Echo Pop 1st Gen – Teal, Alexa)
Cecotec Conga Cleaning Robot (Cecotec Conga 10090 AI Spin Revolution Ultra Power Home Lifestyle Robot Vacuum with Self-Emptying)
Cecotec Kitchen Robot (Cecotec Mambo CooKing Unique Cooking Robot)
Xiaomi Stick Remote (Xiaomi TV Stick 4K (2024 Edition) – Player)
Temperature Sensor (Hygrometer) (1 SONOFF SNZB-02D Zigbee LCD Smart Temperature and Humidity Sensor, Thermometer Hygrometer). Digital Indoor, Alexa/Google Home Compatible, SONOFF ZigBee Hub Required (2PCS)
Wireless Motion Detector (1 SONOFF Zigbee Human Presence Sensor SNZB-06P, Smart Motion Sensor with 5.8GHz Centimeter Wave Radar, Requires ZBBridge-P, Supports Alexa and Google Home)
TP-Link Smart Hub with Alarm – 1× TP-Link Tapo H100 Smart Hub with 19 Tones, Centralized Smart Home Control, Connects via Wi-Fi to up to 64 Devices, Smart Alarm, Plug & Play
4* TP-Link Smart Bulbs – 1× TP-Link Tapo S200D Smart Wi-Fi Dimmer Switch, Remote Control, Long-Lasting Battery, Easy Installation, Requires Hub
TP-Link Tapo H100 Smart Hub with 19 Tones, Centralized Smart Home Control, Connects via Wi-Fi to up to 64 Devices, Smart Alarm, Plug & Play
TP-Link Tapo L530E Smart Wi-Fi LED Bulb, Multicolor, Dimmable, E27, 8.3 W 806 lm, Compatible with Alexa and Google Home, 2 Units
TP-Link Motion Sensor – 1× TP-Link Tapo T100 Wi-Fi Motion Detector, Wide Coverage, Anti-Theft Alarm Sensor, 120° Rotation, Magnetic Mounting, Tapo App Control, Requires Hub
TP-Link Tapo P100 – Mini Wi-Fi Smart Plug, Philips Hue Smart Button Switch
PHILIPS HUEWA 5.2W – Smart Bulb
Philips Hue – Smart Bulb, E27
Garmin Index S2 Smart Scale
Philips Avent Connected Baby Monitor with 4.3” Video Screen, Intercom, and High-Resolution Camera
Xiaomi MI LED Smart Bulb Essential White and Color – 9W – E27 – 950 Lumens – 1700–6500K – Wi-Fi – Mi Home App
Alarm Kit, 5 Pieces (2nd Gen) + Indoor Cam
LIORQUE Digital Kitchen Timer, Multifunction Timer with Clock Function, Quick Set, 3 Volume Levels, Magnetic Backing, Foldable Stand (1 Piece)
LEGO Technic Control+ (Smart Toy) (Porsche GT Racing Car… V29 1)
Experimentation and General-Purspose Devices 4*Raspberry PI 3 – MODEL B+
13* Raspberry PI 4 – MODEL B – 8GB
4* Raspberry Pi 4B/4GB
7* 64GB SD Cards (7× SanDisk Extreme MicroSDXC 64GB UHS-I A2 V30 Class 10 with SD Adapter)
SD 64GB/C10/100MB/MSD+ADAP/MB-MC64HA
6* Arduino Portenta H7
3* Arduino Portenta Vision Bundle (3*Machine Vision Bundle)
4* Intel NUC NUC12WSHi5 16+512GB (1* ASUS NUC 12 UCFF RNUC12WSHI500002I Intel Core i5-1240P + 2* Router IoT-Gateway IXON IXrouter3 Wi-Fi – IX2410)
6* ANT+ USB Dongles (6× COOSPO ANT+ USB Stick Dongle for Zwift, ANT+ Dongle Compatible with Garmin Forerunner, Suunto, PerfPRO Studio, Rouvy, BKOOL, CycleOps Virtual, TrainerRoad, Elite, ANT+ Receiver for Bike Trainer)
6* Zigbee USB Dongle (6* Dongle USB SONOFF Zigbee 3.0 Plus)
2* Zigbee CC2531 Sniffer (2*TECNOIOT Zigbee CC2531 Sniffer Bare Board Packet Protocol Analyzer Module USB Dongle)
2* Flipper Zero Sniffer
14* Wi-Fi USB Dongles (3× MEIYUANTBO 2-piece USB Wi-Fi MT-7601 + 4× Maxesla AC1300 Wi-Fi Dongle, Dual-Band Adapter for PC)  5GHz (867Mbps) and 2.4GHz (400Mbps), USB 3.0, Compatible with Windows Vista/XP/Win7/8/10, Mac OS 10.9–10.15 B09XMQ3GCQ + 1× TP-Link TL-WN823N USB Network Adapter, Wireless 300Mbps, 2.4GHz, USB 2.0 Port, WPS, Windows 11/10/8.1/8/7/XP, Mac OS 10.15 and earlier, Linux
5* 4K USB-C 27” Dell Monitors (5× Dell 27” 4K Monitor with USB-C Hub, P2723QE, 68.6 cm / 27”)
Dell 27” Ultra-Compact Monitor – S2719DC – 68.6 cm (27″)
Dell U2720Q UltraSharp – Monitor, 27″, 4K, USB-C, 3840 x 2160, LCD, 60 H
4* Wireless Keyboards (2× Logitech MX Keys S – Graphite, US International QWERTY Layout + 2× Logitech MX Mechanical Mini for Mac – Mechanical Keyboard, Space Gray, US)
4* Wireless Mice (4× Logitech MX Master 3S – Wireless Performance Mouse with Fast Scrolling, Ergonomic, 8K DPI, Works on Glass, Silent Clicks, USB-C, Bluetooth, Windows, Linux, Chrome – Graphite)
4* External HDDs (36 TB) (10× MY BOOK DUO 36TB BLACK EMEA + 4× WD 36TB My Book Duo USB 3.1 Gen 1 Desktop Hard Drive with Device Management, Backup, and Password Protection Software, USB-C and USB-A Cables, RAID 0/1, JBOD)
2* 64GB microSDXC Memory Cards with SD Adapter, A2, up to 160 MB/s, Class 10, U3, and V30
JJC Waterproof Memory Card Case for Micro SD, SDXC, SDHC, SD Card, Storage Case for MSD Memory Cards
50* USB-C Cables – (20A/5V; 40 Gbps) – 1m (50× UGREEN USB-C to USB-A Fast Charging Cable 3A QC 3.0, Type-C Cable Compatible with iPhone 15 Plus Pro Max, Galaxy S24, S23, S22, A53, Pixel 8, 7, 6, 1m + 50× UGREEN USB-C 60W Cable, Type-C Fast Charging 3A PD 3.0, Compatible with MacBook, iPad, iPhone 15 Plus Pro Max, Galaxy S24, S23, S22, A53, Pixel 8, 7, 6, etc., 1m)
8* USB 3.0 Smart/Programmable Hubs with Power Supply (8× WENTER 11-in-1 External Powered USB Hub, 10 USB 3.0 Ports and 1 Fast Charging Port, USB LED Indicator, Active Switch, with Power Adapter)
5* USB 3.0 Charging Stations (6+ Slots) (5× SABRENT USB Charger | 90W Fast Charging Station | 20 USB Ports, Can Be Used as USB Hub with Type-B Cable [AX-P20C])
5* Dell Docking Stations (5× Dell Docking Solutions WD19S, 180W)
USB-C Docking Station Hub with Triple Display, USB-C Adapter with 2× 4K HDMI, VGA, 3× USB 3.0, SD Card Reader
10* Power Strips (10× 12-Outlet Surge Protector with USB-C, 12-Socket Power Strip with Switch, Multi-Outlet Strip with 2 USB-C and 2 USB-A, Wall-Mountable Extension Cord, 1.5m, Black)
DELL G16 7630
Dell Latitude 3550
Flipper Zero Complete Kit, Wi-Fi Development Board | Silicone Case | 32GB MicroSD Card | MicroSD to SD Adapter
10* Webcam Cover Slider, Ultra-Thin Design, Anti-Hacker, Camera Cover for Computers, PCs, Laptops, Tablets, and Mobile Phones
Sonos MOVE EU
Metal toolbox
MacBook Pro de 13.3 SL/8C
MacBook Pro 14
Logitech R500s, Laser Presentation Device
4* UGREEN USB Bluetooth 5.0 Adapter for PC/Laptop Windows 11/10/8.1/7, A2DP Bluetooth Dongle to Connect Bluetooth Controller, Headset, Keyboard, Mouse, Speaker, Mobile
9* UGREEN USB Bluetooth 5.0 Adapter for PC/Laptop Windows 11/10/8.1/7, A2DP Bluetooth Dongle to Connect Bluetooth Controller, Headset, Keyboard, Mouse, Speaker, Mobile
UGREEN USB Bluetooth 5.0 Adapter for PC/Laptop Windows 11/10/8.1/7, A2DP Bluetooth Dongle to Connect Bluetooth Controller, Headset, Keyboard, Mouse, Speaker, Mobile)
Storage and Computation PowerEdge R7525 (GPU) (DELL PowerEdge R760XA Server)
3* Dell PowerEdge R750 2RU (DELL PowerEdge R7625 Server)
38* Seagate IronWolf Pro NAS Hard Drives 20TB (32× HAT5310-20T SATA HDD 20TB 3.5” 281MB/s 512MB + 1× HAT5300-16T 3.5” Internal – 16TB – SATA (SATA/600) – 7200rpm – 512e Format + 5× SEAGATE ST16000VN001 REFB)
4*Generic Compatible 10GBASE-T SFP+ Copper RJ-45 30m Transceiver Module
2* Synology RS4021xs+ NAS with 32× 20TB HDDs in RAID configuration (2 units Synology RS4021xs+ Serial Numbers: 2530VR4QR5RF1 // 2540VR4D028ES + 6× 16GB Memory Expansion Modules + 1× Synology RX1217RP: 2U 12-Bay Expansion RPS + 1× Sliding Rail Kit + 14× HAT5310-20T SATA HDD 20TB 3.5” Internal 281MB/s 512MB Cache)
Reversing: Secrets of Reverse Engineering 1st Edition by Eldad Eilam (Author), Elliot J. Chikofsky (Author)
Books Causal Inference in Statistics: A Primer
Privacy Is Hard and Seven Other Myths: Achieving Privacy through Careful Design
Book: The Computer Security Workbook